Montreal and Kyoto Protocols

Montreal Protocols on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) 

•  International agreement to phase out ozone- depleting substances (such as CFCs and halons) and protect the ozone layer.
• It was agreed on 16 September 1987 & came into force on 1 January 1989.
• Eight revisions has undergone so far as a result the ozone hole in Antarctica is slowly recovering . Climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070.
• 96 chemicals are currently controlled by the Montreal Protocol.  
• The two ozone treaties have been ratified by 197 parties  which made  the Montreal Protocol became the 1st UN treaty to achieve universal ratification in 2009.
• Crutzen, Molina and Rowland were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their study on the impact of CFC's in the earth atmosphere. 

Kyoto Protocols : 

• International agreement to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.
• The main objective  is to control the emissions of the main anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) greenhouse gases (GHGs) 
  
                                                                
• Negotiated  under the UNFCCC during the meeting held in Kyoto, Japan in 1997.
• Legal binding under which industrial countries were to reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% developing countries were not no legally binded because of their smaller role in global greenhouse gas emissions.
• According to the Global Carbon Atlas, the largest contributors of greenhouse gases in 2014 were China and the United States. In 2011 , Canada officially renounced the Kyoto Protocol.
• At the COP21 sustainable development summit, held in Paris, all UNFCCC participants sign the "Paris Agreement" effectively replacing the Kyoto Protocol.